Application of Ceftiofur Hydrochloride Injection in Animals

Ceftiofur is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic specifically used for animals. Common dosage forms include sodium ceftiofur for injection, ceftiofur hydrochloride injection, ceftiofur hydrochloride breast injection and ceftiofur crystal injection. Ceftiofur is mainly used clinically to treat bacterial respiratory infections in livestock and poultry. It has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Haemophilus and Salmonella cholerae. It can be used to treat respiratory diseases in pigs and cattle, bovine mastitis, postpartum metritis, and bovine hoof rot. This experiment mainly studied the characteristics and applications of ceftiofur hydrochloride injection (Ceftiofur®) of Aimicogen (China) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

1. Structure and mechanism of action

Ceftiofur is a 7-aminocephalosporin nucleus that replaces the 7-β-aminoacyl group with an oxyiminothiazole group. The 3rd position of ceftiofur is furanoic acid thioester, making it a unique alternative to the third-generation cephalosporins. The main metabolite of ceftiofur, namely defuroyl ceftiofur, is the product of the hydrolysis of the thioester bond to release furanoic acid. The dimer of defuroyl ceftiofur (DFC) is the product of the condensation of DFC and itself, which retains the β-lactam ring and oxyimino-aminothiazolyl group of ceftiofur.

The mechanism of action of ceftiofur is the same as that of other β-lactam antibiotics. It can bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, causing the loss of PBPs activity, hindering the cross-linking of mucins in sensitive bacteria, and causing cell wall defects. The high osmotic pressure in the bacteria causes the extracellular water to continuously penetrate into the bacteria, causing the bacteria to swell and deform, and activating autolytic enzymes, causing the bacteria to lyse and die, achieving the effect of efficient sterilization during the reproductive period.

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