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如果说在“举报”现象背后,近五年、或近十年间真的发生过某种变化,我想那并非一种模糊的“政治德性”的跌落,而是“政治立场”“政治坐标”“政见”等一整套政治话语(discourse of politics)的消失。这使得原有的话语空间逐渐被另一种意识形态话语(discourse of ideology)所侵蚀。正是在此变迁过程中接受基础教育的一代年轻人,逐渐不再熟悉何为“立场”,而是将一切言论问题视为“是非”。
李文亮医生千古<cf style="clear: both; display: block"></cf><fp style"width:="" 0;="" height:="" 0"=""><pwa-container spellcheck="false" pwa-fake-editor="" tabindex="-1" style="display: block !important; font-size: 13px !important; line-height: 14.95px !important; position: absolute !important; border-color: transparent !important; color: transparent !important; overflow: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; pointer-events: none !important; z-index: 0 !important; width: 704.733px !important; height: 30px !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important;">李文亮医生千古</pwa-container></fp><pwa-editor-bar-cnt><pwa-editor-bar pwa2-uuid="EDITOR-BCC-240-172B6-AB2" class="bar-full" style="right: -346.633px !important; bottom: 4.99998px !important;"><pwa-editor-bar-status class="checked visible" data-pwa-errors-count="0"></pwa-editor-bar-status><pwa-editor-bar-status class="pending"></pwa-editor-bar-status><pwa-editor-bar-status class="loggedout"></pwa-editor-bar-status><pwa-editor-bar-status class="network-offline"></pwa-editor-bar-status><pwa-editor-bar-status class="extension-offline"></pwa-editor-bar-status><pwa-editor-bar-panel><pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn class="switch-off visible" title="Turn off ProWritingAid for this page"></pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn><pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn class="full-editor visible" title="Open this text in the full ProWritingAid editor"></pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn><pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn class="editor-disabled" title="Sorry, for technical reasons we can't support the full editor here"></pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn><pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn class="loggedout" title="Please log in or sign up for full access"></pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn><pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn class="network-offline" title="Network problems"></pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn><pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn class="extension-offline" title="ProWritingAid extension is off. Please reload this browser tab and dont forget to save you work before reload!"></pwa-editor-bar-panel-btn></pwa-editor-bar-panel></pwa-editor-bar></pwa-editor-bar-cnt>
四、说话的策略
到这里,我的想法是提供一个模型来说明中国互联网公共话语的变迁,尤其是政治话语的消失过程。首先,它有一个历时性视角,提示变迁过程存在关键节点(2013年),而现状是动态的,今后也将在不同力量的斗争中不断变化;其次,它并非技术决定论的,审查技术的进步仅仅是作用链条中的环节,并非决定性的因素;最后,意识形态和话语系统之间存在辩证关系(这个想法来自Fairclough and Wodak),国家—民族—集权主义意识形态的强化促使两极结构的意识形态话语逐渐挤压多元结构的政治话语,但话语层面的变化也会反过来影响意识形态国家机器的运作。