【推文】James Lindsay - There's a lot of confusion around Fascism partly because it refers to two...

這是 James Lindsay 最近寫的長推文串

連結

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原文及個人翻譯

There's a lot of confusion around Fascism partly because it refers to two different systems, one economic and one sociocultural/political (they obviously can overlap). Economic Fascism is union of state and corporation. The other is a narrowly defined, high-purity "nationalism."

Most of the bugbear of Fascism as a fundamentally evil way to organize and run society refers to the puritanical doctrine of "nationalism," not the economic program that often gets linked to and defined by it, but Economic Fascism is a model of married state-corporate power.

對法西斯主義存在很多誤解，部分原因是它指兩個不同的系統，一個是經濟的，另一個是社會文化/政治的（它們顯然可以重疊）。經濟法西斯主義是國家和企業的聯合體。另一個是狹義的、高純度的「民族主義」。

大多數人將法西斯主義視為一種本質上邪惡的社會組織和管理方式，這是指狹義的「民族主義」教條，而不是經常被其連結和定義的經濟計劃。經濟法西斯主義是一種國家-企業權力結合的模式。

Economic Fascism need not be (ethno)nationalist in the sense of explicitly rewarding only those businesses that support the puritanical doctrine of "nation," but it is broader, including any alignment of corporations to state interests through state mechanisms.

A proper example of Economic Fascism of this sort is the CCP Marxist–Dengist model currently being overseen by Xi Jinping, although that's murky because of a distinct Chinese ethnonationalism. The collusion in the West of state and tech is another example. ESG is as well.

經濟法西斯主義不一定要是（族群）民族主義的，即明確只獎勵支持「民族」純教義的企業，但它更廣泛，包括任何企業通過國家機制與國家利益一致。

這種經濟法西斯主義的典型例子是習近平目前監督的中共馬克思主義-鄧主義模式，儘管這很模糊，因為有明顯的中國族群民族主義。西方國家與科技公司的勾結是另一個例子。ESG也是如此。

The puritanical doctrine of "nationalism" understanding of (component of) Fascism is also extremely important but ultimately is different and can even resist the Marxist concepts at the heart of the above examples. The political and economic system ends up roughly the same, tho.

Typical, puritanical nationalist doctrines at least flirt with, if they don't fully embrace, the dark spirit of Ethnos, thus tending toward ethnonationalism and it's terrors. Regardless, the puritanical doctrine devolves into purity spirals about who is a legitimate "person."

This definition of "nationalism" views nations quite explicitly as a particular people and put puritanical emphasis on who qualifies as a part of that people, thus in a practical sense who is actually a "person." The fundamental dehumanization cannot be escaped.

對法西斯主義的「民族主義」教義（組成部分）的理解也極其重要，但最終是不同的，甚至可以抵抗上述例子核心的馬克思主義概念。然而，政治和經濟體系最終會變得大致相同。

典型的純教義民族主義教義至少會與黑暗的族群精神調情，如果不完全接受它的話，從而傾向於族群民族主義及其恐怖。無論如何，這種純教義會演變成關於誰是合法「人」的純潔循環。

這種「民族主義」的定義非常明確地將國家視為特定民族，並強調誰有資格成為該民族的一部分，從實踐意義上講，誰是真正的「人」。這種基本的去人性化是無法避免的。

Communism doctrine defines "people" as those who support Communism. Fascist doctrines define as "people" those who support the "nation" and, to lesser degree, fit the prevailing understanding of a "national person." They're not terribly different except in focus.

Obviously, what makes puritanical doctrines puritanical is the purity spiral dynamic they operate upon, so that's unavoidable. In practice, they always turn into purges, which are at-scale campaigns to root out and identify the Other who isn't part of the "pure" group.

共產主義教義將「人民」定義為支持共產主義的人。法西斯主義教義將「人民」定義為支持「民族」的人，以及一定程度上符合當前「民族人士」理解的人。除了焦點不同外，它們並不太不同。

顯然，使純教義教義純教義的是它們所運行的純潔循環動態，因此這是不可避免的。在實踐中，它們總是演變成清洗運動，即大規模運動，以根除和識別非「純潔」群體的一部分的他人。